The wheel of retailing is the most frequently cited theory of subsequent researchers. Young s article 40 on increasing returns was perhaps the rst systematic study of noncon vexities in economic growth. The theory suggests that new forms of retailing appear as price cutting, low cost and narrow profit margin operations. The research objective is to gain attention to the relevance of theories of motivation in retail business. Neoclassical economic theory, economic base theory, location theory, central place. Authors contributions this work was carried out in collaboration between all authors. The following theories focus on various aspects of personality development, including cognitive, social and moral development. Human needs, emotions, and how people respond to stress. Environmental theory natural selection it is based on darwins theory of survival. Piagets 1936 theory of cognitive development explains how a child constructs a mental model of the world. Decision theory and its relevance to real estate development decisions daniel ibrahim dabara 1, ankeli ipkeme anthony 1, odewande adeleye gbenga 1 and oluwasegun adeyanju 1 1estate management department, federal polytechnic ede, osun state, nigeria. Early theories of relationship development proposed that couples move through a sequential series of stages that are characterized by increasing amounts of commitment and involvement.
Each theory gives an insight into one or two dimensions of the complex process of development. You must use your judgment to decide the best course of action and the leadership style needed for each situation. We hope you find this book to be as informative and readerfriendly as possible. Is there some level of development beyond which democracies are more likely to fall. European journal of training and development studies vol. Clarkson et al 1996 developed theories further and implemented empirical evidence in. Importance of competitive pressures the investments in organizational capabilities and. She has taught retailing at every level in further and higher. Introduction to management and leadership concepts, principles, and practices ing.
With her engaging tone and exceptional scholarship, patricia miller illustrates what is exciting about each theory she presents and how it contributes to a broader understanding of developmental psychology. Understand the relation of basic demographic information and other kinds of. Organizations can improve thei r employees by giving them the access to a. In the entry phase, retailers enter the market with low prices and affordable service to increase market penetration. An overview development theories have to deal with two challenges. Retail development in emerging markets can therefore be aligned more closely to combination theory where the consumerregulation configuration plays a significant role in how retail evolves and develops in these markets. Theories of economic development lane community college. Theories of retail development 393 the ability of a system to adapt innovations successfully is related directly to its level of economic development. Conflict theories of retail change also ignore the broader environment as they focus primarily on. The theories developed to explain the process of retail development revolve around the importance of competitive pressures, the investments in organizational capabilities and the creation of a sustainable competitive advantage, which requires the implementation of strategic planning by retail organizations growth in retail is a result of understand in market signals and responding, to the. Shareia associate professor department of accounting faculty of economics university of benghazi libya abstract the aim of this paper is to provide an understanding of the role of accounting information system ais in developing countries in a global economy.
Dependency theory, as a theory that purports to explain the related conditions of economic development and the lack of, and evident need for it, in the countries of the periphery, or third worlda condition that some dependistas theorists of dependency refer to as underdevelopmenthas. What you do in one situation will not always work in another. Relationship development chapter outline the sequence of relationship development filter theory wheel theory stimulusvaluerole theory the process of relationship development selfdisclosure and intimacy social exchange principle 1. We discuss the economic base theory which is more widely accepted. An overview of strategic retail management welcome to retail management. The study specially wanted to define the role of factors associating in individual theories of motivation for motivating consumers to buy or not to buy from a retail store. Little that managers at all levels in an organization do falls outside the purview of the five management functions. Theories of developmental psychology is the ideal book for anyone interested in an insightful, indepth look at child development. I do not have the space here to go into a survey of the directions in which development economics has progressed. Theories of retailing, retail life cycle slideshare. He implies, therefore, that the wheel of retailing can revolve only if the.
Larger concentration of stores draw more shoppers and generate more sales. Accordingly,neoliberalism is an antidevelopment perspective,not in termsofgoalsbutintermsofmeans. The theories developed to explain the process of retail development revolve around the importance of competitive pressures, the investments in organisational capabilities and the creation of a sustainable competitive advantage, which requires the implementation of strategic planning by retail organisations growth in retail is a result of. He disagreed with the idea that intelligence was a fixed trait, and regarded cognitive development as a process which occurs due to biological maturation and interaction with the environment. Theories of retail development these theories revolve around.
The basic idea is to understand the theories that explain how economic development takes place in a community. Strategic training and development focuses on the design and implementation of training systems to successfully impact organizational performance. A general overview to leadership theories from a critical perspective 166 marketing and management of innovations, 201 9, issue 1. The retail sector comprises consumers, manufacturers, marketers, suppliers, and changing technology. Retail development in emerging markets can therefore be aligned more closely to. Tannenbaum 2002 provided one of the most comprehensive models of the strategic training and development process. Conservatism, declining roi, increased competition. With the growth of the worldwide web, both retailers and consumers can find suppliers and products from anywhere in the world. The case of emerging markets authors malobi mukherjee1.
Theories into practice developmental theories these theories arose from the traditional base for child development which was developmental psychology creating the notion that there is a universal pattern of development and therefore a predictable pathway to development and learning for all children. Relevance of theories of motivation in retail business. The use of the term development to refer to national economic growth emerged in the united states beginning in the 1940s and in association with a key american foreign policy concern. Dependency theory uses political and economic theory to explain how the process of international trade and domestic development makes some ldcs ever more economically dependent on developed countries balanced growth theory balanced growth or the big push theory argues that as a large number of industries develop simultaneously, each generates. Theories of urban development a late night phone call late on a may evening in 1986, newark political consultant gustav heningburg1 received a phone call from robert van fossan, the ceo of the mutual benefit life insurance company and one of the most influential business leaders of the city. Theories in the first category say that changes in the retail industry result from changes in the environment in which retail businesses operate. Theories of retailing free download as powerpoint presentation. The history and evolution of retail stores from 1700s to. Sale items 41% off and higher are final sale and not eligible for return, exchange, or. Terms of offer are subject to change up to 60% off select sale merchandise through june 1, 2020 at 3. Theories of retailing, theories of retail development, retail life cycle, environmental theory, cyclical theory wheel of retailing, phases of. The theories developed to explain the process of retail development revolve around the importance of competitive pressures, the investments in organizational capabilities and the creation of a sustainable competitive advantage, which requires the implementation of strategic planning by retail organizations growth in retail is a result of understand in market signals and responding, to the opportunities that arise in a dynamic manner.
Three retailing theories explain how different retail formats emerge, mature and are then replaced by another format. Others believe that it is more accurate to evaluate development economics as a general provider of organized systems todaro 2000. Department of public administration, go mal university, dera ismail khan. Humans love conspiracy theories, and always havetheres even evidence that ancient romans had a few.
Mcnair 1958 propounded the theory of the wheel of retailing. Pdf general overview to leadership theories from a. For a quick introduction, i refer the reader to my. Each stage was assumed to revolve around a particular developmental issue whose resolution. From word soup, we ladle the following synonyms for the term. Decision theory and its relevance to real estate development. Theories of development were stimulated by the situation in the mid 20th century when decolonization occurred and the economic disparity between european and underdeveloped nations became obvious. Theories and facts adam przeworski and fernando limongi tables introduction what makes political regimes rise, endure, and fall. Neoclassical economic theory, economic base theory. Development theory was born ungainly, patchy and varied but born nonetheless. Improve merchandise offering, better service, higher prices stage 3. Management theorists and practitioners may chose one or two of the five functions as most important, but this is not borne out normatively.
Postdevelopmentthinkingalsoputs forth an antidevelopment position. Sep 29, 20 theories of retail development these theories revolve around. On the other hand, they should be based on problem analyses and offer opportunities for development strategies. As a result, theories of retail development tend to fall in one of three categories. Introduction to development theory new york university. Retail life cycle theory wheel of retailing entry phase trading up phase vulnerability phase wheel of retailing retail life cycle conflictual theories polarization theory and bermuda triangle effect dialectic process or melting pot theory dialectic process theory. Environmental theories where a change in retail is attributed to the change in the environment in which the retailers operate. Do democracies emerge as a consequence of economic development. A fair bit of modern economic theory was born in some of these early development writings. Theories of retailing cyclical theories wheel of retailing accordian theory evolutionary theories dialectic process natural selection 3.
Principles, models and theories 3 know human nature. Theories of entrepreneurship 8 major theories with critical evaluation it is a universal fact that entrepreneurship is an important factor in economic development. Development theory is a collection of theories about how desirable change in society is best achieved. Retail is a critical component for most business districts, both as a primary. Questions about the origin of religion do not only deal. Certain minimum levels of economic development are necessary to support anything beyond the most simple retailing methods. Evidently, retail trade is one that cuts off smaller portions from large lumps of goods.
At the same time, as earlier development models became compromised, new leftwing schools of thoughtin particular, dependency theory arose to claim that the market itself was the problem, and that if anything was needed, it was a greater role for the. Location planning theories in valuation of retail premises shaping the change xxiii fig congress munich, germany, october 8, 2006 315 are the research report by mcgoldrick 1990 and brown 1992. Principles of retailing suzanne fernie bsc, tqfe, dms marketing, mba suzanne is a further and highereducation lecturer in retailing and marketing, specialising in retail environment, retail theories and retail change. Development rostows of development and ist relevance in. The wheel of retailing theory is one of most common cyclical development theories. Jean piagets theory and stages of cognitive development. Despite the importance of retailers in marketing, the growth of knowledge on. Some of the major theories of child development are known as grand theories. Such theories draw on a variety of social science disciplines and approaches. As it is almost impossible for management to fully monitor and control specific and knowledgeintensive processes in any detail, the importance of leadership as. Theories of learning and human resource development are useful in piloting the workers in developing their careers. In retail management, theories can be broadly classified as follows environmental theory natural selection. Theories of retail three main categories of theory. In this article, multiple theories are discussed, as are recent developments with regard to these theories.
In retail management, theories can be broadly classified as follows. Understand basic concepts of causality in terms of 2x2 tables. Importance of generating a critical mass of storesactivities and scale. In order to answer this question, many prominent theorists developed theories to describe various steps and stages that occur on the road of personality development. Theories of retail development environmental theory. This theory explains a cyclic retail evolution pattern, which he had observed with the european and u.
However, now lets look at some relatively more recent retail history, how it impacts what we buy and sell, and how we behave today. Understand the role of background and theoretical knowledge in social and behavioral research. Location planning theories in valuation of retail premises. Where a change in retail is attributed to the change in the environment in which the retailers. For example, the rostow model helps us to think about the stages of development ldcs might take, while the harroddomar model explains the importance of adequate savings in that process.
Lesson 1 an overview of retailing introduction the word retail is derived from a french word with the prefix re and the verb tailer meaning to cut again. Depending on which theory that is being looked at, there. Out of the various theories, the author wishes to put a few of the theories, which are accepted as universal theories of retailing and are often found being quoted in further research studies. But with the advent of the internet, they seem to be everywhere. Theories about the origin and development of religions. Theories of retail development free download as powerpoint presentation. Retail management 2 in my whole retailing career, i have stuck to one guiding principle. Development theory, cluster of research and theories on economic and political development the emergence of development theory. It argues that the past theories of retail change are flawed because they cannot explain retail changes in different markets well, particularly retail changes in emerging markets. The history and evolution of retail stores weve already looked at some of the earliest history of retail covering hundreds of years of bartering and peddling in a single bound. Does rapid economic growth destabilize democracies. Theories of retail and identifying retail niches i.
Development and underdevelopment in the third world. On the one hand, development theories analyze socialeconomic phenomena of underdevelopment and development. Eventually the retailer trades up by improving displays and location, providing credit, delivery and by raising advertising expenditure. Decline of departmental stores non adaptability of transforming to superhyper markets. Development theory economics and political science britannica.
Theories of retailing evolution of retailing how old is. In his analysis of mcnairs theory, hollander 1960 acknowledged many examples which conform to this pattern of retailer development. Environmental theory cyclical theory conflict theory slide 5. Aug 19, 2015 theories of retailing cyclical theories wheel of retailing accordian theory evolutionary theories dialectic process natural selection 3. These are developed to explain the process of retail development. Importance of competitive pressures the investments in organizational capabilities and creation of a sustainable competitive advantage. An important beginning for economic analysis of a business district is.
221 337 165 403 1598 1189 589 174 987 885 1460 384 680 678 1121 189 541 1090 1188 72 1187 893 1311 829 106 334 430 957 1401 572 1295 1059 948 803 1370 500 92 87 462